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A laptop computer, also known as a notebook computer, is a small personal computer designed for mobile use. A laptop integrates all of the typical components of a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device (a touchpad, also known as a track pad, or a pointing stick) and a battery into a single portable unit. The rechargeable battery is charged from an AC/DC adapter and has enough capacity to power the laptop for several hours.

A laptop is usually shaped like a large notebook with thickness of 0.7–1.5 inches (18–38 mm) and dimensions ranging from 10×8 inches (27×22cm, 13″ display) to 15×11 inches (39×28cm, 17″ display) and up. Modern laptops weigh 3 to 12 pounds (1.4 to 5.4 kg), and some older laptops were even heavier. Most laptops are designed in the flip form factor to protect the screen and the keyboard when closed.

Originally considered “a small niche market” and perceived as suitable for “specialized field applications” such as “the military, the Internal Revenue Service, accountants and sales representatives”, battery-powered portables had just 2% worldwide market share in 1986 But today, there are already more laptops than desktops in the enterprise and, according to a forecast by Intel, more laptops than desktops will be sold in the general PC market as soon as 2009

Sony first announced development of the PlayStation Portable at a press conference before E3 2003.Although mock-ups of the system were not present at the press conference or E3, Sony did release extensive technical details regarding the new system. Then-CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment Ken Kutaragi called the device the “Walkman of the 21st Century” in a reference to the console’s multimedia capabilities. Several gaming websites were impressed by the handheld’s computing capabilities and looked forward to the system’s potential as a gaming platform.

The first concept images of the PlayStation Portable appeared in November 2003 at the Sony Corporate Strategy Meeting and showed a PSP with flat buttons and no analog stick. Although some expressed concern over the lack of an analog joystick, these fears were allayed when the PSP was officially unveiled at the Sony press conference during E3 2004. In addition to announcing more details about the system and its accessories, Sony also released a list of 99 developer companies that had pledged support for the new handheld. Several PSP game demos, such askonami’s Metal Gear Acid and SCE Studio Liverpool’s Wipeout Pure were also shown at the conference.

The iPod Touch (trademarked as iPod touch) is a portable media player and Wi-Fi mobile platform designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The product was launched on September 5, 2007 at an event called The Beat Goes On. The iPod Touch adds the multi-touch graphical user interface to the iPod line and is available with 8, 16, or 32 GB of flash memory. It includes Apple’s Safari web browser and is the first iPod with wireless access to the iTunes Store. With a software update, which is sold by Apple, it also has access to Apple’s App Store. The second generation iPod Touch, featuring external volume controls, a built-in speaker, a contoured back and built-in Nike+ support, was unveiled on September 9, 2008 at the Let’s Rock keynote presentation.